The Effect Of Obesity On The New Zealand - 1397 Words

The Factors that Lead to Obesity in New Zealand There is a large variety of environmental factors that have led to the increase in Obesity in New Zealand. This essay will explore the factors that have caused the increase in and how they interlink with each other. There has been a clear trend of this world wide however New Zealand is currently among the highest for the percentage of there population being rated 3rd behind the United States of America and Mexico with 28.4% of our population being considered Over weight for Adults. 35% of New Zealanders are considered obese placing 3rd behind Greece and Italy for. This has increase from 18.8% in 1997 which has been seen as the 4th highest Behind United States of America, Mexico and Australia. In individuals under 15 (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2013). Interlinking environmental factors have led to this epidemic is a serious problem that is in need of fixing. Obesity is a problem in society due the health problems it leads to. Heart Disease, Cancer and Diabetes are a few life threating diseases that are far more common in obese people compared to non-obese. Atherosclerosis is a Heart disease where plaque builds up on the lining of arteries, which is that most common reason for vascular disease which is 10 times more common in obese people. Forms of cancer. For likely hood of women Breast, colon, gallbladder and uterus cancer increases. For Men the likely hood of colon and prostate cancerShow MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity : A Serious Medical Condition That Affects Children And Adolescents Essay1116 Words   |  5 Pagesleading causes of childhood obesity in New Zealand. Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that affects children and adolescents (Mayo Clinic, 2014). It occurs when a child is well above the normal weight for his or her age and height (Mayo Clinic, 2014). This enquiry question will mainly focus on children who are obese in New Zealand. Through survey, The 2012/13 New Zealand Health Survey found that 1 in 9 children aged 2–14 years were obese (11%), in New Zealand (Ministry of Health, 2014)Read MoreShould There Be A Sugar Tax1326 Words   |  6 PagesShould There be a Sugar Tax in New Zealand? Introduction: The New Zealand government should have a tax to regulate the consumption of sugary drinks or foods, because this leads to decrease issues of people s health and it would be heartening healthy conducts. †¢ Body: 1. A sugar tax would reduce people’s health issues. (supporting) a) Sugar taxes help to prevent obesity. b) Sugar taxes also would helpful for prevention of dental problems. 2. Sugar tax service would encourage healthy behaviorsRead MoreThe Link Between Type 2 Diabetes And Obesity Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesMy Research Question Is: What is the link between Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity Additional Questions to be Answered: 1. Why is Type 2 Diabetes an issue in our Community 2. What is the biology (science) behind Type 2 Diabetes First let’s establish what diabetes is. Diabetes is a disease that affects how the body uses Glucose, the main type of sugar in the blood. The body takes in and breaks down foods into glucose and others sugars that are needed to fuel the body functions. The Glucose level inRead MoreThe Problem Of Teenage Obesity Essay1177 Words   |  5 PagesTeenage obesity is rising significantly not only in the New Zealand but all throughout the world. It is growing epidemic and it’s a terrible thing. Watching a teenager wobble around all day out of breath and struggling to manage the stairs at school something no one should ever witness but with 18%⠁ ´ of teenagers obese it’s becoming a more common site everyday. Obesity is a risk factor for several diseases and it can lead to more serious problem in the end and can be fatal that can cause even deathRead MoreType 2 Diabetes : An Issue Of My Community Essay1557 Words   |  7 Pagesbloodstream. Then the gastric hormones p romote insulin secretion in response to glucose but then this is where the dilemma is for people with type 2 diabetes because the pancreas does produce the insulin needed but their body is resistant to it’s effects which is called insulin resistance. When the cells don’t recognise or allow the insulin to enter the cell the excess glucose gets absorbed by the cell lining in the blood vessels and become leaky and can become potentially blocked. This can causeRead MoreWould A Tax On Sugar Sweetened Beverages Reduce Obesity And Improve Nutrition2982 Words   |  12 Pagessugar-sweetened beverages reduce obesity and improve nutrition in New Zealand? INTRODUCTION According to the World Health Organization, obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. A simple population assessment of obesity is the body mass index (BMI), in which the body weight (in kilograms) is divided by the square of the height (in metres). A body mass index of 30 or more is generally considered obesity (WHO, 2014a). Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascularRead More External Forces Shaping The Future Of The Airline Industry Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesof 9/11 had a grueling effect on the economy, and while most industries are almost back to their pre-9/11 financial status, the airline industry is lucky to break-even. This report will explain three leading trends that are forcing the airline industry to re-think their stance on strategic planning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first trend discussed will illustrate the effect that online booking has had on the way airlines do business. The second trend will describe how obesity has caused new standards to be set withinRead MoreChildhood Obesity in New Zealand Essay2603 Words   |  11 Pages Childhood obesity is a growing problem not only in New Zealand but worldwide. This is due to many factors and has many effects on society. Obesity is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of greater than 30. BMI is a measure of your weight divided by your height, the normal range is considered to be from 18 to 25 and over 30 is said to be obese. BMI became an international standard for obesity measurement in the 1980s (S.Wilson, 2000). Obesity is not just a modern day problem, Ancient EgyptiansRead MoreHow Diet And A Healthy Diet Essay1499 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes - An issue for our community My report is about: How can exercise and a healthy diet help in the management of Type-2 Diabetes? In New Zealand, Type-2 Diabetes is a growing issue. For many years now, it has been a severe problem and is only getting worse. According to NZ Ministry of Health Survey, the obesity rates are climbing in NZ, and as obesity is directly linked with Type 2 Diabetes.There are incredible numbers of people in NZ being diagnosed with Type-2 Diabetes all the time, fromRead MorePoverty Is A Form Material Disadvantage Essay1653 Words   |  7 Pagesraised by the state or from poor families. The Children’s Commission states that poverty in Aotearoa as the exclusion from the â€Å"minimum acceptable way of life in one’s own society due to inadequate resources† (as cited by Chandra, 2015 p 79). Thus, New Zealand falls in the latter, poverty here is ‘relative’. To understand who fits into the category of poverty, we first need to know how to measure it. Bradshaw lists four indicators on how poverty is measured. 1. Measuring the average household income

Project Report Example - 4667 Words

Table of Contents Executive Summary †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 Planning Group System †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦. 5 Teamwork and Group Roles †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦..†¦ 6 Communication †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 9 Motivation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 Conflict †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 Leadership †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 14 Table of Appendices †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 Executive Summary This report†¦show more content†¦It was decided that because of our strong personalities, no one individual could effectively lead the group as others would feel constrained. Instead, we opted for group leadership and democratic voting; though a project manager was used to preserve the group dynamics. We also decided not to create a contract in order to avoid the negative aspects of bureaucracy (Mintzberg, 1989; Kanter, 1983). As equals in the group, we were considerate when members could not attend meetings for personal reasons - thanks to this non-contractual decision. Team Work and Roles According to Tuckman s revised model (1977), there are eight stages on team developing; we have thus far followed the first six as a guide in delivering our team work. Throughout the project, we iteratively went through Conforming, Storming, Norming and Reforming stages several times as changes in direction occurred. Towards the end of the project, it was easier to reform. We were already more acquainted with each other’s concerns and communication style; therefore, were more accommodating in responding to changes mainly caused by delays. The AKENAS activities throughout the eight stages of Tuckman s team development framework are shown in Table 1. Tuckman s Stage AKENAS Activity Forming Being grouped into a team in DTP classmate Introduce each other and exchange contacts EstablishShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Gantt Chart And Explain What Are Its Advantages And Disadvantages?1394 Words   |  6 PagesProject Management Tools Assignment 1. Define Gantt chart and explain what are its advantages and disadvantages? Answer: Gantt chart: It is also one type of chart which is used to display activities against time in a project or which is used to explain and illustrates working schedule of a project. Advantages of Gantt chart: †¢ Provides a clear view of the project such that what is going on in execution or performing each and evert step. †¢ Displays all the tasks or works against their deadlinesRead MoreProject Monitoring934 Words   |  4 PagesProject Monitoring BA647: Project Management Integration Framework 15 November 2011 Project Monitoring is the monitoring of a project throughout the life cycle of the project, the monitoring of a project begins when there is a clear and verified plan of an approved project. According to Kendrick, Tom (2009) the monitoring of a project is dependent on four-cycle stages: †¢ Stage one – inbound communication †¢ Stage two – metrics and trend analysis †¢ Stage three – responding to issues Read MoreResearch Goals And Strengths And Weaknesses1402 Words   |  6 Pages(whether from questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, or whatever), always start from review of your research goals, i.e., the reason you undertook the research in the first place. 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An example of this is the Pike River Coal Mine tragedy which occurred on November 19th 2010 which is located on the West Coast of New Zealand, where a series of methane explosions happened resulting in the loss of 29 men’s lives and 2 survivors walking away from the explosions. This report willRead MoreCase Study – Quantum Telecom1017 Words   |  5 PagesBUS  3122F  Project  Management  for  Engineers      Assessment  1  (50%)  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Individual  work  Ã‚      Task:  Ã‚   Develop   a   project   plan   for   an   approved   project   of   choice,   implementing   the   material   that   you   have   covered   and   focusing  on  Scope,  Time,  Cost  and  Risk.  The  selected  project  preferably  should  be  a  real  project  example  that  you   have  been  involved  with  previously  or  currently  working  on.  The  following  is  a  list  of  areas  that  should  be  covered   within  the  assignment,  the  Project  Plan:  Ã‚   † †Read MoreBsbwor501A - Assessment1439 Words   |  6 PagesKnowledge of the project planning process * Literacy skills to perform at this level * Use of industry appropriate and culturally appropriate language. 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Tendering can be based upon a selection process which allows for control of the experience and qualification or on a open or public bases, which is open to total market, although can sometimes be at the expense of suitability and expertiseRead MoreProject Management : A Project969 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is project and project management?..................................................................2 2. Example of project mismanagement..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 3. Atlassian buying Trello, a tool for project management..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....2 4. Slacks’ new launch – Slack Enterprise Grid†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 5. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦3 6. Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 What is project and project management

South Africa Essay Example For Students

South Africa Essay World HistoryAfrican Question #211 September 2000Africas Resistance to the PortugueseThe African history has been affected tremendously due to the influence of some European countries. Portugal, who probably had the greatest impact on the continent, was not shy in invading what they thought to be profitable circumstances. One of these areas that they profited from was the kingdom of Kongo. Kongo was a major Bantu-speaking kingdom astride the Congo River in west-central Africa, probably founded in the 14th century. It was governed by a king, the manikongo, whose economic power was based upon trade in ivory, hides, slaves, and a shell currency of western Africa. Within a few years after the Portuguese first encountered the kingdom in 1484, the sixth manikongo, Nzinga Mbemba, later Alfonso 1, converted to Christianity and extended diplomatic and economic relations with Portugal. The agreement soon collapsed, however, as the Portuguese extended their slave-raiding activities. By 1570 the power of the Kongo kingdom had begun to decline, and severe internal tensions had developed. Alfonso I knowing what was going on wrote a series of papers to King Joao III of Portugal. In these papers, Alfonso I pleaded with the king to take away all the corrupt Portuguese from his kingdom. With false assurance from the king of Portugal, he asked to have sent those people of religious and medical backgrounds to help modernize his kingdom. With the corruptness still noticeable in the Kongo, Alfonso I was forced to pass a law stating that any white man living in our Kingdoms and wanting to purchase goods in any way should first inform three of our noblemen and officials of our court whom we rely upon in this matter (57). These futile attempts of writing letters to the king were not making any significance. The king of Portugal was money hungry along with the majority of all his servants who worked for him down in Africa. Some of the areas of Africa knew that letters to the king would not work alone. They were forced to use action against the Portuguese. People known as Zimba did the military launches. Most of the attacks were economically motivated. They were being used for the trade circuit. Zimba attacks were successful against the Portuguese but they did not succeed in reestablishing the traditional market for their ivory. Even though the people of Africa fought back against the Portuguese, they never truly won back their freedom. The power and the changes that the Portuguese brought with them could never be undone. Things such as the slave trade, ivory, and wild animals were too valuable to the Europeans not to control Africa. Africa had its own culture and the Europeans, like they always have done, took it over without hesitation. Its sad to see what happened to the African culture, but if it did not happen then who knows where todays society would be.

Maslahah Mursalah Essay Example For Students

Maslahah Mursalah Essay TOPIC : MASLAHAH MURSALAH (CONSIDERATIONS OF PUBLIC INTEREST) DEFINITION †¢ Literal : benefit or interest – unrestricted public interest in the sense of not having been regulated by the Lawgiver no textual authority can be found on its validity or otherwise. Al Ghazali : consists of considerations which secure a benefit or prevent a harm but are, in the meantime, harmonious with the objectives (maqasid) of the Shariah. Technical : a consideration which is proper harmonious (wasf munasib mula’im) to the objectives of the Lawgiver, it secures a benefit or prevents a harm, the Syariah provides no indication as to its validity or otherwise. †¢ E. g . : Decision to issue currency , to establish prisons, to impose tax (kharaj) on agricultural lands in the conquered territories despite the fact that no textual authority can be found in its favour. †¢ derives its validity fr the norm that the basic purpose of legislation in Islam is to secure the welfare of the ppl by promoting their benefits or by protecting them against harm. The word â€Å"maslahah† – can neither be enumerated nor predicted in advance as they chg according to time circumstance. †¢ Majority of uelama : MM is a proper ground for legislation – when the maslahah is identified the mujtahid does not find an explicit ruling in the nass, he must act in its pursuit by taking the necessary steps to secure it. – therefore it is justified by saying that God’s purpose in revealing the Syariah is to promote man’s welfare to prevent corruption in the earth. The concept of MM does not apply to the rulings of the Prophet : When there is a Prophetic ruling in favour of a maslahah, it becomes part of the established law, hence no longer a MM. – from a historical vantage, the notion of MM originates in the practice of the Companions. This is not to say that the Prophet has not ruled in favour of maslahah, but merely to point out that as a principle of jurisprudence, MM does not apply to the rulings of Sunnah. EXAMPLES OF MM : ? Caliph Bakr also waged war on those who refused to pay the zakah, ? The rule for murder provided in the texts was that one life could be taken for one life by way of retaliation. It was not clear whether a number of persons could be subjected to qisas when they participated in killing in a single person. Caliph Umar decided that all of them shd be put to death. This rule is said to be based on the â€Å"preservation of life†, which is a purpose of Islamic law. This is strengthened by the words of the AQ :† in retaliation there is life for you†. Caliph Umar is reported to hv said (in this decision) that if all the ppl of Sana’a had conspired to kill a single person he wld put all of them to death. JUSTIFICATION OF MM : The main objection against the use of MM in particular and the concept of maslahah in general is that it is based upon the hikmah (wisdom) of the rule rather than on ethe illah. The jurists hv been very cautious in the use of hukm for the determination of laws. The principle of maslahah is more flexible and is bsed on an interplay of general principles and the maqasid are based on the hikmah underlying the various rules. Sometimes advanced is that it will be misused by ignorant ppl. The response to this is that the legal system must ensure that its professionals observe the proper methodology that meets the conditions imposed above. Further, the principle is to be used mostly by the judges of the Higher Ctts of the country and by the lawyers who assist these ctts. It is not up to every person to employ legal reasoning. PROOF (HUJJAH) OF MM : ? Surah Al Anbiya’ : 107 â€Å"We hv sent you but a mercy for all creatures† ? Surah Yunus : 75 â€Å"O mankind, a direction has come to you from your Lord, it is a healing for the ailments in your hearts.. the msg for these 2 phrases here transcends all barriers that divide the humanity, none must stand on the way of seeking mercy beneficience to human beings. ? Surah Al Maidah : 6 â€Å"God never intends to impose hardship upon ppl† God also described that His purpose in the revelation of religion of Islam is not a means of imposing hardship. ? Sunnah/Hadeeth : â€Å"harm is neither inflicted nor tolerated in Islam. † ? Sunnah/Hadeeth : â€Å"The Prophet did not choose but the easier of the two alternatives so long as it did not amount to a sin. ? Sunnah/Hadeeth : â€Å"Muslims are bound by their stipulations unless it be a condition which turns a haram into halal or a halal into haram. † base on these hadeeths seems to grant muslims the liberty to pursue their benefits to commit themselves to that effect provided that this does not amt to a violation of the explicit commands prohibitions of the Syariah. ? Sunnah/Hadeeth : â€Å"God loves to see that His concessions (rukhas) are observed in the same way that His strict laws (‘aza’im) are obeyed. † it is confirmed that no unnecessary rigour in the enforcement of the ahkam is recommended, that the Muslims should avail themselves of the flexibility concessions that the Lawgiver has granted them to utilize such in pursuit of the masalih. †¢ Imam Malik has given these following reasons for MM as a proof and basis of legislation : The Companions has validated it hv formulated the rules of Shariah on its basis. When the MM is compatible with the objectives of the Law giver or that it falls within the genus or category of what the lawgiver has expressly validated, it must be upheld. When MM is of the genus of the approved MM it is not upheld, the likely result would be to inflict hardship on the ppl, which must be prevented. TYPES OF MM 1. ESSENTIALS (DARURRIYAT) 5 essential value (al dharuriyyat al khamsah)s i. e. religion, life, intellect, lineage property – must not only be promoted but also be protected against any real or expected threat which undermine their safety. To uphold the faith would thus require observance of the prescribed forms of badat, whereas the safety of life and intellect is secured by obtaining lawful means of sustenance as well as the enforcement of penalties which the Shariah has provided so as to protect them against destructi on and loss. 2. COMPLEMENTARY (HAJIYYAT) the whole supplementary to the 5 essential values they refer to interests whose neglect leads to hardship in the life of the community although not to its collapse. Thus in the area of ibadat the concessions that the Shariah has granted to the sick to the traveler not to observe the fast, shorten the solat, are aimed a preventing hardship. . EMBELLISHMENTS (TAHSINIYYAT) refers to interests who realization leads to improvement the attainment of that which is desirable. Thus the observance of cleanliness in personal appearance ibadat, moral virtues, avoiding extravagance in consumption moderation in the enforcement of penalties fall within the scope of tahsiniyyat. CLASSIFICATIONS OF MASLAHAH : The scholars have divided maslahah into 3 categories : 1. Maslahah al Mu’tabarah 2. Maslaha al Mulgha 3. Maslahah Mursalah CONDITIONS OF MM .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 , .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 .postImageUrl , .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 , .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5:hover , .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5:visited , .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5:active { border:0!important; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5:active , .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5 .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub662896cf0d69ae961d4f7bb92f9b4d5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essays on Generoso Pharmaceutical and Chemicals Inc. EssayMM is employed when the jurists cannot find a rule for the case at hand through literal interpretation nor can he extend the meaning through strict analogy (qiyas), because there is no specific base (asl) from he can extend the rule by analogy. In other words, individual or specific evidences do not control the law anymore. The case now has to be settled by â€Å"looking at all the texts collectively†. This is achieved by referring to the purposes of Islamic law or the maqasid al syariah. The 1st thing that a jurist employing MM has to do is to â€Å" formulate a new principle that will control the problem b eing faced by him†. The new principle he has formulated must meet the following conditions i. e. : 1. MM must be genuine (haqiqiyyah). – must be a reasonable probability that the benefits of enacting a hukm in the pursuance of maslahah outweighs the harms that might accrue fr it. 2. MM must be general (kulliyah) in that it secures benefit, or prevents harm, to the ppl as a whole not to a particular person or group of persons – must contemplate a benefit to the largest possible number of ppl. – the whole concept of maslahah derives its validity fr the idea that it secures the welfare of the ppl at large. . MM is not conflict with a principle or value which is upheld by the nass (AQ Sunnah) or ijma’. – has to make sure that the new principle he has formulated does not clash with a text or existing principles (nass) and propositions of Islamic law or attempt to alter the implication of a text. 4. Maslahah must be rational (ma’qulah) acceptable to the ppl of soun d intellect. This is in reality means that the norm it promotes must be among the purposed of Islamic law recognized by the syariah. 5. it must prevent or remove hardship fr the ppl.

Why I want to join college free essay sample

Nelson Mandela once said, Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world†. Today, in the era that we live in, the role of education in our lives has become even more prominent as science and technology are rapidly developing. In fact, peoples lives are dependent on education as it provides them with the necessary skills to survive and adapt to todays ever-changing world. A college education is something that I have personally wanted for a long time. None of my family members had the opportunity to go to college, simply because they could not afford it. I am blessed enough to have many years of professional work experience, but sadly without a college degree I feel that my resume is missing a vital and key element to further my career. When I was in high school, I often questioned the importance of a college education. We will write a custom essay sample on Why I want to join college or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I felt that if I just passed my classes, I would be fine. My parents never went to college, so I never felt the pressure or need for an academic degree. I was wrong. In this economic climate, I have learned that having a college education is vital to your career. Adding a college education to my resume will benefit me throughout the rest of my life personally, professionally and socially. It will open many doors and allow me to explore a myriad of options. Combined with my professional work experience, a college degree can lead me to a prosperous career in my field of study. In today’s bleak market, I am much more likely to find a position at a great company with an academic degree on my resume rather than with just a high school diploma. Most employers require their employees to have a college education. So, why is a college education important to me? The reasoning does not begin and end with the job aspect. A college education is beneficial from many different viewpoints, and with Ashworth being so affordable it will allow me to forge ahead.

Finances and Accounting

Finances and Accounting The Philosophy of Public Finance Mason Gaffney is one of the philosophers in the economic world who has created the philosophy of public finance. One of the principles of this philosophy is that a person does not pay taxes from the land, this is the land gives money for payment. Therefore, Gaffney draws a line between an owner and a land.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Finances and Accounting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Then, Gaffney refers to the ways when taxes should be either reduced or eliminated, these are the cases when money are gained for public purposes, when the owner uses the land to serve others and when he/she has to hire labor. The finances presupposed for taxes should be spend on other issues. Gaffney is also sure that people who possess land should pay more in comparison with those who do not possess it as it is obvious that those who have land have more income and can pat taxes in compari son with those who do not have land as additional indirect income. The â€Å"ability-to-pay† idea seems rather attractive to many philosophers of public finances. This point of view is interesting as it preserves incentives. The core idea of this philosophic idea is â€Å"a logical extension of the productivity theory of distribution where people are to be rewarded according to their contribution to the joint products of the economy† (Gaffney, 1998, p. 177). Considering the building on the new houses, the landowners in this case should be reduced from the taxation as new buildings promote the development of the city and land, in this case, is considered as public value. Additionally, the flourishing of a city increases the land taxation and the income for public needs. Governmental Accounting and Nongovernmental Accounting According to Governmental GAAP Guide 2009, governmental accounting deals with public corporations and the bodies which work with politics. Additiona lly, the entities may be considered as the government if they meet the following requirements, the elections to one or more states takes place, â€Å"the potential for unilateral dissolution by a government with net assets reverting to a government† (in Crawford Loyd, 2008, p.1-24) and an entity possess the power to enact a tax levy. Nongovernment accounting deals with the entities which do not possess any of these characteristics. Therefore, it may be said that the main difference between governmental accounting and nongovernmental accounting is the details of payment. If the financial operations are directed at elections and other supportive aspects, the accounting is governmental. If payment is directed at other particular purposes, the accounting is governmental. The Relationship between Budgeting and Financial Reporting in Government Reposting has become one of the most essential aspects of budgeting and governmental accounting. The information resented in reports is ai med at helping control budget expenses and follow the violation if it takes place. In most cases the information is delivered every 45 days after the end of a fiscal year, however, there are situations when reports are to be completed within a month or for special demand. The reports are created by the audits which work in and auditory companies.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Audits work in accordance with the particular rules and they bare responsibility for the reports they complete. Audits may give the company several days to eliminate the violations where they took place and present the report without those violations however with the mentioning that they were. Audit report is an important document which shows the current state of affairs in finances of the company. Crawford, M. A. Loyd, D. S. (2008). Governmental GAAP Guide 2009. New York: CCH. Gaffne y, M. (1998). The Philosophy of Public Finance. In F. Harrison (Ed.), The Losses of Nations: Deadweight Politics versus Public Rent Dividends (175-206). London: Othila Press.

UnitedHealth Group Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

UnitedHealth Group - Assignment Example The paper tells that through its sub-branches, the UnitedHealth group serves about 70 million individuals across the United States. In 2011, the company had net earnings of $5.142billion. UnitedHealth Group is the mother of United Healthcare founded in 1977 as unites healthcare cooperation. The firm has two foundations, namely, the United Healthcare Children Foundation and the United Healthcare Foundation that were announced in 1999. The foundations are heavily involved in providing information that helps in decision-making within the US that promote better health outcomes and healthy populations, like in their partnership with the America’s Health Rankings. In addition, the foundations are involved in supporting activities that sponsor quality health care for the less fortunate through collaborations with other counterpart organizations. United Healthcare, through its human resource department, maintains a sustainable working environment. The department, through collaboration s with outside occupational health service providers, conducts an annual assessment of the workforce management activities. The United Healthcare foundations, through their human resource department, conduct research on workers’ welfare, patient facilities, and conducts workforce analyses. The firm analyzes its databases, and the physician supply and demand models to understand current issues and forecast future possible outcomes ascribed to the delivery of healthcare.

Argument essay about fast food Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Argument about fast food - Essay Example Behind them lies a simple explanation for why eating a hamburger can now make you seriously ill: There is shit in the meat.†    (Schlosser, p.196) No successful business, rather union, in this world would ever give away its most prized secrets in the name of benefit for humanity. Yet the consumers choose to ignore the bitter truth for a sweet taste. Their secret ingredients are full of not-so-secret health toxins that promote obesity, increased deposition of cholesterol promoting arteriosclerosis, hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes and other fatal cardiac disorders. A more sedentary lifestyle contributes to an increase in these rates. An office job has you hooked to a desk and a chair with a flat Liquid Crystal Display right in front of your eyes. Which means a highly sedentary life style; this when triggered with intake of only fast foods can build up toxin pressure inside the body and slow atrophy. â€Å"The war on foodborne pathogens deserves the sort of national attention and resources that has been devoted to the war on drugs. Far more Americans are severely harmed every year by food poisoning than by illegal drug use. And the harms caused by food poisoning are usually inadvertent and unanticipated. People who smoke crack know the potential dangers; most people who eat hamburgers don’t. Eating in the United States should no longer be a form of high-risk behavior.† (Schlosser, p.264) Hundreds of thousands of dollars are spent each year in health care facilities, if a small portion of this percentage is allocated to restore health guaranteeing meat and other raw materials in the fast food or even if these fast foods are banned altogether a significant decline in mortality rate can be observed. Moreover consumption of fast food as a daily habit helps in generating a disabled world. Yes I completely agree

My Experience of Volunteer at Various Organizations Essay

My Experience of Volunteer at Various Organizations - Essay Example Once I had collected enough books, I would pack these up in delivery boxes and send it out to the various prisons that are affiliated with our organization. I would also take the time to write letters to the inmates who were directly involved with the book program. I was almost like an unofficial librarian in a way since I had to match certain book types with certain inmates. This was one of the most rewarding activities in the volunteer program because I would receive letters from the inmates who were so happy to be beneficiaries of our program. Since some of them had no family or friends, the books that we sent them helped lighten their lonely mood. We volunteer in effect, became a part of their extended family in the outside world just because of the simple act of kindness that we did for them. I personally received letters from those inmates who wanted to spend their time in prison or in jail productively. They would ask me to find books that would truly widen their horizon and challenge their minds. Books like those specializing in Spanish, medicine, math, English, and other educational reading material. I was more than happy to help them find those books and get it to them. It made me feel like by doing this type of volunteer job with th e organization, I was truly making an impact in the inmate's lives and helping them to see that they had a future outside of prison if they wanted to. My other volunteer job was at the Melbourne Animal Shelter. The South Animal Care shelter to be precise helped keep the cats and dogs in a presentable manner for possible adoption. My job was to make sure the animals were bathed, their cages cleaned, and most importantly, I made sure that these animals were given their daily exercise by taking them for leisurely walks. It saddened me that I this animal shelter was a kill shelter. Meaning the animals that did not get adopted would be out to sleep.

Shareholder Activism Business

Shareholder Activism Business This paper looks at the issue of shareholder activism from an Irish and International perspective, in the context of understanding agency theory and corporate governance which acts as catalysts to this new phenomenon. This is done by looking at past and current published papers that revolve around the subject matter. Theoretical concepts within the business and finance literature are explained in relation to how agency theory and corporate governance are practised worldwide. Three countries namely, the OECD countries (European Union as one whole entity), Ireland, and China, are assessed to identify how these concepts are practiced to gain a better insight into this new problem known as shareholder activism. Finally a critical review of matches and mismatches is used to compare and contrast similarities between the theoretical concepts and the empirical evidence within the literature review that is gathered for this paper to identify whether this problem is a worldwide problem or it is at the growth stage of becoming a worldwide phenomenon. Chapter 1: The Concept of Shareholder Activism Shareholder activism has begun to play a role in reshaping the corporate governance in companies all across the globe. In industrialised or advanced countries, institutional investors or financial intermediaries serve the function of active shareholders. In general, shareholder activism has become one of the most important and highly debated issues of the 21st century. The issue of shareholder activism (shareholder revolt against management objectives) can be said to have arisen due to the recent collapse of huge international organisations; in theoretical terms it is known as Corporate Governance. Now, Corporate governance refers to structures and processes for directly and controlling companies. Collectively, these constitute a set of rules that govern the relationships among management, company shareholders, and other stakeholders including consumers, creditors, employees, the general public, neighbouring people and suppliers. The rules of corporate governance aim to ensure that managers act in the best interests of their shareholders rather than simply acting in their own interests or those of a majority shareholder. Good corporate governance can provide companies in emerging markets in particular, better access to outside capital by making them more attractive targets for portfolio investment. The impact of recent corporate scandals, which has opened the debate as to the validity of corporate governance, has been felt all across the world and Ireland is no exception. Domestic scandals such as the fallout from the Inquiry into no-collection by certain banks of applicable tax on deposit accounts prompted a report on auditing standards which eventually resulted in the Companies (Auditing and Accounting) Act (2003), essentially is Irelands Sarbanes- Oxley Act. Until relatively recently, meanwhile, there was scant compliance with corporate governance and companies legislation which led to government committee report on the matter in 1997 and ultimately to the enactment of company Law Enforcement Act, 2001. This Act established the Office of Director of Corporate Enforcement, which now has responsibility for ensuring compliance with the Companies Acts (1963 -2003) in Ireland. This government body has significant powers of investigation and prosecution, which are being exercised vigorously. In the European Union (OECD), although this had been a subject of thought for over a decade, it was originally developed in response to a call by the OECD council meeting at ministerial level in 1998, to develop, in conjunction with national governments, other relevant international organisations and the private sector, a set of corporate governance standards and guidelines. Since the principles were agreed in 1999, they have formed the basis for corporate governance initiatives in both OECD and non-OECD countries alike. Accordingly, they form the basis of the corporate governance component of the World/IMF Reports on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC). Aims and Objectives The aim of this paper is to address the issue of aligning management objectives with the objectives of shareholders and help identify why this has not been successful. I.e. this genesis has led to shareholder activism at annual general meetings, which management have found it very unpleasant to bear with within organisations all across the globe. The objective of this research paper is to first look at the genesis (beginnings) of this problem pertaining agency theory and corporate governance with regard to their relevance in satisfying shareholder objectives. Secondly, to explain the current trend in relation to shareholder activism within organisations and also how companies are preparing and dealing with this phenomenon at AGMs. I.e. The right information is given to shareholders as to the accurate financial earnings and gains of the organisation which they were appointed to manage. This will be looked at from an Irish and International perspective. Finally, a critical appraisal of the validity of published material so far covering agency theory and corporate governance within organisations will be addressed. Chapter 2: Existing Literature Review The need to understand and deal with shareholder activism is one that has come of recent due to the collapse of major international organisations around the world within the past decade. According to Grace (2004), in Ireland, the role of the institutional shareholder and the extent of their responsibilities as such, insofar as these differ from those of individual shareholders, are governed by practice rather than legislation. In addition, she adds that in Irish incorporated companies the overall management function vests in a board of directors, although the directors may delegate functions to certain executives or committees of the board. There is no statutory limit on the number of directors (hence wasting company funds on management) that can comprise a board, although limits may be imposed in the Articles of Association. Current legislation (Companies Act 2003) in Ireland requires a minimum of two directors, both of whom must be natural persons and one of whom must be an Irish resident. Grace (2004) also argues that the Articles of Association set out the requirements for the convening and holding of board meetings, while the corporate governance requirements for listed companies ensure that regular meetings are held. Written notice is usually required, including an agenda and all relevant documents to be considered at the meeting. All minutes of board meetings must be kept in the register of minutes but these are not generally available to shareholders, a major reason for shareholder activism. Daily et al.(2003) suggest that the overwhelmingly dominant theoretical perspective applied in corporate governance studies is agency theory. This serves as an explanation of how the public corporation could exist, given the assumption that managers are self-interested, and a context in which those managers do not bear the full wealth effects of their decisions. The theory responds to the observation 70 years ago of some of the key problems inherent in the separation of ownership and control. Daily metal. (2003) also add that in nearly all-modern governance research, governance mechanisms are conceptualised as deterrents to managerial self-interest. Corporate governance mechanisms provide shareholders some assurance that managers will strive to achieve outcomes that are in the shareholders interests. Shareholders have available both internal and external governance mechanisms to help bring the interests of managers in line with their own. They also argue that internal mechanisms include an effectively structured board, compensation contracts that encourage a shareholder orientation, and concentrated ownership holdings that lead to active monitoring of executives. The market for corporate control serves as an external mechanism that is typically activated when internal mechanisms for controlling managerial opportunism have failed. Abelson (2001) argue with regard to the collapse of Enron, that what made the Enron case different is how sudden and final the companys fall was for its shareholders, i.e.it was the shareholders that lost out and not management, adding that how can someone (people on the board of directors in Enron) who cannot own stock in a company serve on its board. In Europe, the OECD principles of corporate governance (2004) state that corporate governance is one key element in improving economic efficiency and growth as well as enhancing investor confidence. Corporate governance involves a set of relationships between a companys management, its board, its shareholders and other stakeholders. Corporate governance also provides the structure through which the objectives of the company are set, and the means of attaining those objectives and monitoring performance are determined. Good corporate governance should provide proper incentives for the board and management to pursue objectives that are in the interests of the company and its shareholders and should facilitate effective monitoring. In addition the OECD (2004),also argue that while a multiplicity of factors affect the governance and decision making processes of firms, and are important to their long-term success, the principles focus on governance problems that result from the separation of ownership and control (agency theory). However, this is not simply an issue of relationship between shareholders and management, although that is indeed the central element. In some jurisdictions , governance issues also arise from the power of certain controlling shareholders over minority shareholders. In other countries, employees have important legal rights irrespective of their ownership rights. The OECD (2004) also suggests that corporate governance is affected by the relationships among participants in the governance system. Controlling shareholders, which maybe individuals, family holdings, bloc alliances, or other corporations acting through a holding company or cross shareholdings, can significantly influence corporate behaviour. As owners of equity, institutional investors are increasingly demanding a voice in corporate governance in some markets. Individual shareholders usually do not seek to exercise governance rights but may be highly concerned about obtaining fair treatment from controlling shareholders and management. Creditors according to the OECD (2004) play an important role in a number of governance systems and can serve as external monitors over corporate performance. Employees and other stakeholders play an important role in contributing to the long-term success and performance of the corporation, while governments establish the overall institutional and legal framework for corporate governance. The role of each of these participants, OECD (2004), and their interactions vary widely among OECD countries and among non-OECD countries well. Adding that these relationships are subject, in part, to law and regulation and, in part, to voluntary adaptation and, most importantly, to market forces. Bebchuk (2003) also argue that in theory, if directors fail to serve shareholders, or if they appear to lack the qualities necessary for doing so, shareholders have the power to replace them. This relates to a document presented to the securities exchange commission in New York, considering the improved rights of shareholders. Bebchuk (2003) also states that this shareholder power, in turn, provides incumbent directors with incentives to serve shareholders well, making directors accountable. He suggests that although shareholder power to replace directors is supposed to be an important element of corporate governance system, its largely a myth. Attempts to replace directors he states are extremely rare, even in firms that systematically underperform over a long period of time. By and large, directors nominated by the company run unopposed and their election is thus guaranteed. This varies from country to country. Hamid (2005) argues with regard to the International Financial Corporation, which is part of the World Bank in relation to corporate governance models in China. It states that corporate governance is a new concept in China and most managers and boards remain unaware of basic governance procedures, often confusing governance with general management. As a result, bridging the gap between rhetoric and reality is required. It adds that the private sector in China has clearly become the engine of growth, seemingly offering enormous investment opportunities. But the structures in place at private companies are often immature, reflecting the newness of the private sector. Most small and mid-sized enterprises in Chinaware run informally. They are family owned, they dont have checks and balances, and their financial reporting is not transparent. It goes on to argue that the state-owned enterprises on their way to becoming private enterprises suffer from a different set of governance problems. When these companies take on private ownership, they carry the legacy of the state-dominated decision making regime. They often have complex and opaque corporate ownership structures, overlapping new and traditional bodies of corporate control, and reporting practices that are focused on satisfying the information requirements of the authorities rather than the needs of investors. Stutchbury (2001) states that in Australia, when AMP handed down its 1999 results showing a $1.2 billion abnormal loss from the GIO takeover, the AMP chairman was nowhere to be seen. He did not deem it necessary to front up to the cameras or to face media questioning to explain himself to shareholders. He left it to the relatively new CEO, who was required to dead bat the many serious questions about the companys board, its relationship with top management, and the departure of its former CEO. These were questions, which the new CEO could not properly answer. They had to be answered by the Chairman, if they were to be answered at all. This shows across misconduct of rules and guidelines with regard to corporate governance. Although CSR has only become one of the most heated topics of the new millennium, its roots undoubtedly go back to some of the key philosophical debates over ethics, values, equity and equality, Smith(2003). However, the systematic treatment of business ethics has been neglected in most advanced economies, which directly relates to CSR. Hartley (1993), for example, suggests that the interests of a firm are actually best served by scrupulous attention to the public interest and by seeking a trusting relationship with the various stakeholders with which a firm is involved. In the process, society is also best served because the firm is forced to consider a whole range of competing objectives and to move away from activities, which are derived from short-term performance indicators. Hartley (1993) also adds that any philosophy or course of action that doesnt take the public interest into consideration is intolerable in todays society. Todays firms face more critical scrutiny from stakeholders and operate in a setting, which is becoming more regulatory and litigious. The Pensions and Investment Research Consultants (PIRC) (2000) in the UK, argue that the law should require all proxy votes are brought to bear on the business of a companys annual general meeting, which should encourage institutions to vote their proxies. Adding that they do not consider that abolishing the show of hands would act as a disincentive for small shareholders to attend and vote as they are aware of their lack of voting power under current UK law arrangements. The show of hands is largely symbolic. The PIRC (2000), also state that if the annual general meeting (AGM) is not made the focus of the decision making process, but merely one moment in the process, companies would be tempted to lobby shareholders after the AGM, thus undermining the value of the AGM. They emphasise that such a proposal gives companies an ability to evade accountability to their shareholders. The OECD (2004) states that shareholders have access in a number of countries to the companys proxy materials, which are sent to shareholders, although sometimes subject to conditions to prevent abuse. The OECD (2004) also states that co-operation among investors could also be used to manipulate markets prior to proxy voting, and to obtain control over a company without being subject to any takeover regulations. For this reason, in some countries, the ability of institutional investors to co-operate on their voting strategy is either limited or prohibited. Shareholder agreements may also be closely monitored. On the other hand although corporate governance around the world varies with regard to successes and failure, Reuters(2004) stated that News Corp, one of the worlds largest media empires, had a proxy vote, in which more than 90 present voted in favour of the Chairmans plan to reincorporate the organisation in the United States, where it generates more than 75 present of its earnings. This can be seen as very good reaction from the shareholders of the company, in which corporate governance in this case has been a success. It is worthwhile noting that the adherence and practice of corporate governance to avoid shareholder activism does vary from country to country and so the rules, guidelines, regulations, and procedures governing this concept are subject to different interpretations in companies around the world. Chapter 3: Theoretical Perspectives On Agency Problem, Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance It is often assumed that the role conflict between those who own firms(i.e., who want the firm to maximise the value of their stake in the business) and those who manage them (who want to maximise their own reward) will be detrimental to the pursuit of profit maximisation as an overriding objective. The significance of this separation of ownership and control and the potential problems it can cause is known as the agency problem. While, corporate governance deals with how an organisation establishes who it is there to serve, how this should be decided, and by whom. This relates to how managers deal with issues of ethics and corporate responsibility. The following is a detailed elaboration of the agency problem and corporate governance with regard to the concepts acting as a catalyst that leads to shareholder activism. The Agency Problem Potential conflict arises where ownership is separated from management. The ownership of most larger companies is widely spread, while the day-to-day control of the business rests in the hands of a new managers who usually have a relatively small proportion of the total shares issued. This can give rise to what is termed managerialism, self-serving behaviour by managers at the shareholders ‘expense. Examples of managerialism include pursuing more perquisites(splendid offices and company cars, etc.) and adopting low-risk survival strategies and satisficing behaviour. This conflict has been explored by Jensen and Mackling (1976), who developed a theory of the firm under agency arrangements. Managers are, in effect, agents forth shareholders and are required to act in their best interests. However, they have operational control of the business and the shareholders receive little information on whether the managers are acting in their best interests. A company can be viewed as simply a set of contracts, the most important of which is the contract between the firm and its shareholders. This contract describes the principal-agent relationship, where the shareholders are the principals and the management team the agents. An efficient agency contract allows full delegation of decision-making authority over use of invested capital to management without the risk of that authority being abused. However, left to themselves, managers cannot be expected to act in the shareholders best interests, but require appropriate incentives and controls to do so. Agency costs are the difference between the return expected from an efficient agency contract and the actual return, given that managers may act more in their own interests than the interests of shareholders. Managing the agency problem To attempt to deal with such agency problems, various incentives and controls have been recommended, all of which incur costs. Incentives frequently take the form of bonuses tied to profits (profit-related pay) and share options as part of a remuneration package scheme. Share options only have value when the actual share price exceeds the option price; managers are thereby encouraged to pursue policies that enhance long-term wealth-creation. In reality, the agency problem between investors and directors is more illusory than real for the following reasons: †¢ The principal in the business relationship is the company rather than the shareholder and the directors set the priorities and goals forth business, not the shareholders. †¢ Because directors, in most firms, invariably own shares in their business they will benefit in the same way as the ordinary shareholders from the activities of the firm. Chief executives in a number of large companies have recently come under fire for their outrageously high pay resulting from such schemes. Executive compensation schemes, such as those outlined above, are imperfect, but useful, mechanisms for retaining able managers and encouraging them to pursue goals that promote shareholder value. Another way of attempting to minimise the agency problem is by setting up and monitoring managers behaviour. Examples of these include: †¢ Audited accounts of the company †¢ Management audits and additional reporting requirements, and †¢ Restrictive covenants imposed by lenders, such as ceilings on the dividend payable or the maximum borrowings. To what extent does the agency theory problem invalidate the goal of maximising the value of the firm? In an efficient, highly competitive stock market, the share price is a fair reflection of investors ‘perceptions of the companys expected future performance. So agency problems in a large publicly quoted company will, before long, be reflected in a lower than expected share price. This could lead to an internal response, the shareholders replacing the board of directors with others more committed to their goals, or an external response, the company being acquired by a better-performing company where shareholder interests are pursued more vigorously. Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is now on the global policy agenda, with the last 20 years having seen great strides forward inks. Domestically and internationally governmental, business and other organisations are getting involved with CSR initiatives. This relates to the fact that independent legal entities such as pension fund managers, institutional investors, private investors, green peace, and Christian churches are leading the way in attending annual general meetings of organisations, to ask tough and environmental questions concerning the conduct and performance of management within organisations. This has proved difficult to comprehend with in recent times for major organisations such as the Shell, Financial Times(1997), facing its shareholders on the grounds of its ethical approach on human rights grounds in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. At the European and UK domestic levels, the European Commission in 2002adopted a new strategy on CSR, and in the same year the UK government published its second national CSR report. The UK government has now also appointed a minister for CSR. Internationally, organisations such as the United Nations, the International Labour Organisation (ILO), and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have also taken the lead. Initiatives such as the UN Global Compact, theology Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and the Tripartite Declaration of Principles Concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy, and the OECD voluntary guidelines for multinational enterprises now dominate the corporate agenda, thus making CSR important for organisations of all kinds, large and small alike Hopkins (2003). The emergence of business ethics and responsible action on the corporate agenda is, however, more a function of the growing awareness of the social, political, and environmental impact of the modern industrial enterprise. Many of the shifts in political attitudes towards firms, for example, reflect serious abuse by specific companies and specific business leaders. The misappropriation of pension funds, repression of workers in the Third World, environmental incidents, and even the bribery and corruption associated with deals to gain large government contracts is all issues which have hit the headlines over the last few years. One of the major sticking points with regard to the rise in shareholder activism is the fact that corporate decisions are linked to a set of business ethics, and that by considering the structures and procedures which define the ethics of an organisation we ought to be able to say something about the prospects and preconditions for corporate performance. These v arious stakeholders, whom the firm must consider, are its customers, suppliers, values on which stakeholders requirement are based can be, in themselves, contradictory. The traditional way of resolving these issues is for the organisation to assume primacy over individuals, allowing it to pursue objectives dictated by senior management subject to financial constraints imposed by owners and lenders. The notion of public trust is also becoming more important. A clear measure of how far we have come towards a more responsive and responsible business climate is indicates by the fact that if a firm violates public trust, then it is likely to be surpassed by its competitors, who will be eager to please customers by addressing their wants more accurately. Moreover, while the overwhelming majority of business dealings arena-controversial, any abuses increasingly receive considerable publicity, harming the image of business. Once a companys image has been damaged, it often takes a long time to reverse that damage. In order to remain economically active, organisations need to learn from their mistakes or from those of other organisations. They need to take care to avoid situations and actions that might harm their relationship with their various stakeholders. In the worst of all cases, where an organisation faces a catastrophe, suddenly and without warning, its whole market image and business strategy can be destroyed. Examples of such events are increasingly commonplace. For example, in the case of Union Carbide, when one of its chemical plants in Bhopal, India leaked 40 tons of toxic chemicals, the event had (and continues to have) a profound effect on the reputation of that company. Although the company quickly rushed aid to the victims, it was bitterly condemned for complacency and the loose controls that permitted the accident to happen in the first place. Environmental considerations are only one of many issues, which might be included under the umbrella of business ethics. They nevertheless constitute an issue, which has grown in importance. As a result of them any accidents and growing environmental damage caused by organisations, there have been increasing demands from consumers for firms to operate more ethically in this area. The consumer movement has fundamentally shaped and contributed to the significant increase in legislation and regulation at all levels of government. This has been aimed at preventing abuses in the marketplace and in the environment and, therefore, environmental management strategies are increasingly commonplace in leading organisations around the world. To date, however, environmental considerations have not been given enough attention within the framework of business ethics, because dominant ideologies are being shaped more by short-term financial considerations than by the need to do business in a sustain able way. Ethics also vary internationally, due to cultural differences that exist across borders. The Corporate Governance In recent years, there has been considerable concern in the UK and around the world about standards of corporate governance, the system by which companies are directed and controlled. While, in company law, directors are obliged to act in the best interests of shareholders, there have been many instances of boardroom behaviour difficult to reconcile with this ideal. There have been numerous examples of spectacular collapses of companies, often the result of excessive debt financing in order to finance ill-advised takeovers, and sometimes laced with fraud. Many companies have been criticised for the generosity with which they reward their leading executives. The procedures for remunerating executives have been less than transparent, and many compensation schemes involve payment by results in one direction alone. Many chief executives have been criticised for receiving pay increases several times greater than the increases awarded to less exalted staff. In the train of these corporate collapses and scandals, a number of committees have reported on the accountability of the board of directors to their stakeholders and risk management procedures. The principles of Good Governance and Code of Best Practice, which apply to all listed companies from 1999 onwards within the OECD countries, are mentioned below: †¢ Directors and the Board An effective board is required to lead and control the company. It should have a balance of executive and non-executive directors; no individual or group must dominate the board; running the board and running the business are separate activities; no individual has unfettered powers; timely and quality information is given to the board; clear procedures for appointments; re-election at least every three years. †¢ Directors remuneration Executive remuneration is linked to corporate and individual performance; directors are not involved in deciding their own remuneration. †¢ Relations with shareholders Encourage dialogue on objectives with institutional shareholders; seams to communicate with shareholders and encourage participation. †¢ Accountability Reports influencing share price to give a balanced, understandable assessment of the companys position and prospects; a sound system of internal control to safeguard shareholders interests and company assets. Chapter 4: Critical Analysis of Theoretical Perspectives and the Empirical Evidence Gathered In The Literature Review The critical analysis in this chapter covers all aspects relating the theoretical perspectives of agency theory, corporate social responsibility and corporate governance from published books and articles. An analysis is made as to whether there is any consistency from the published material as far gathered and the already established theories. Due to the lack of time attached to this paper the empirical evidence used is one that has been covered in the literature review. One could say that the issue from shareholder activism from an international perspective is one that has come about of recent. Thesis rectified by the new guidelines, which only came into effect in1999, within the OECD countries including Ireland, and in China, it is still seen as a very new concept. The issue of agency theory with regard to the objectives of management and shareholders still varies from country to country. It can be

Nervous Breakdowns :: Nervous Breakdown Mental Collapse Stress

In the middle Ages, it was called melancholia. In the early 1900s, it was known as neurasthenia. From the 1930s to about 1970, it was known as a nervous breakdown. "Nervous breakdown" is a term that the public uses to characterize a range of mental illnesses, but generally it describes the experience of "snapping" under massive pressure, mental collapse or mental and physical exhaustion. Have you ever wondered how you can tell if someone is having a nervous breakdown? Or what causes them or how they're caused? Well, the causes of nervous breakdowns are very similar to panic attacks, ADD, and ADHD. There is always a trigger or catalyst that sparks a nervous breakdown. Breakdowns usually stem from a change in a major life event such as a broken relationship, death of a loved one, a demanding job or financial difficulties On some cases getting nervous breakdowns are genetics, you receive them because a past family member has had one or in simpler words family history. Another sign is Coexisting medical conditions such as vitamin deficiencies or thyroid disorders. Stress, drugs, alcohol and depression are one if the most main causes of nervous breakdowns. You can always treat a breakdown. Sometimes people talk to therapist or someone they trust to discuss their issues and just â€Å"let it all out† instead of breaking down. As for others talking doesn’t always work at times it may tend to worsen the problem, so they take prescribed depression pills. Other treatments are drugs, alternative treatments, surgery, and lifestyle changes. If you feel close to having a nervous breakdown right now you are probably feeling like you have hit rock bottom. Many people who are close to a nervous break down feel a million miles from their real self. Feelings of anger, negativity, exhaustion and anxiety are probably overwhelming you and your ability to pursue a 'normal' life and 'normal' relationships is no doubt proving tough. Obviously the best approach is to prevent the breakdown from occurring in the first place. Recognizing the warning signs of a nervous breakdown and reducing and managing stress levels can often produce excellent results and prevent the total collapse usually associated with a nervous breakdown.

Salvation

Initial thesis statement: Is salvation â€Å"by faith alone† (according to Luther) or must there be a â€Å"cooperation of faith and works† in salvation (according to the Roman Catholic tradition)? My initial answer to this question before I began this study was that of the Roman Catholic tradition, one must have the combination of both faith and works. Although faith plays a big part of salvation, I tend to believe without both works and faith you may not receive it. 2) First view: Salvation is â€Å"by faith alone† is held to be true by many people.Perhaps the most popular figure from the European Reformation, Martin Luther, noted for his doctrine of justification by faith alone was one who believed that only faith was needed for salvation, and he also held true that God provided everything that is necessary for justification. In 1528 Luther spoke out about salvation saying, â€Å"This faith alone, when based upon the sure promises of God, must save us; as our text clearly explains. And in the light of it all, they must become fools who have taught us other ways to become godly. †¦Man may forever do as he will, he can never enter heaven unless God takes the first step with his Word, which offers him divine grace and enlightens his heart so as to get upon the right way. † Another important person who was on the side of salvation through faith alone is Paul. He uses a passage from Ephesians to support of his idea. â€Å"For it is by grace you have been saved through faith-and this is not from yourself, it is the gift of God-not by works, so that no one can boast. † He puts the emphasis on the fact that salvation is by faith alone.Paul later goes on to say â€Å"For we are God’s handiwork, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do. † That being said, we as humans are created to do good works, but reach salvation through faith alone. Yet another passage suggesting tha t we must only have faith is â€Å"For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. † 3) Opposing view: In contrast to Luther’s view, the Roman Catholic view states that salvation is by a â€Å"cooperation of faith and works. James 2:17-18: In the same way, faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead. But someone will say, â€Å"You have faith; I have deeds. † Show me your faith without deeds, and I will show you my faith by my deeds. This creates a big contradictory in the bible. Although some may say deeds are not needed, in this very passage we are told without them our justification ceases to exist. One verse that simply breaks down and gives a great example of salvation through faith and works is James 2:20-26 that states: â€Å"20 You foolish person, do you want evidence that faith without deeds is useless?Was not our father Abraham considered ri ghteous for what he did when he offered his son Isaac on the altar? 22 You see that his faith and his actions were working together, and his faith was made complete by what he did. 23 And the scripture was fulfilled that says, â€Å"Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness,† and he was called God’s friend. 24 You see that a person is considered righteous by what they do and not by faith alone. 25 In the same way, was not even Rahab the prostitute considered righteous for what she did when she gave lodging to the spies and sent them off in a different direction? 6 As the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without deeds is dead. † In this passage are two great examples of two different people that receive salvation through both their work and faith in God. They didn’t know exactly what was going to happen when they listened to the word of God and did as he told them, but through faith in him they were able to do so and reach j ustification. They had never seen God but were put in the position to decide whether or not he existed. 4) â€Å"Critical Realist†: With respect to this doctrine I agree with the Roman Catholic tradition that salvation must have a cooperation of faith and works.The reason I still hold this to be true is that throughout the bible and other readings the support behind the idea of works and faith both being crucial to receiving salvation is much stronger than those of Luther. Luther made some great points that through faith, works is automatically going to be inclusive. He also made the point that God makes the first step to giving you all the things necessary to obtain salvation. However, I believe that if someone is faithful in the lord God and wants to be welcome to salvation, then in the rocess of life the works will come naturally to that person. On the other hand if someone is said to be faithful in God and do something harmful or bad to another person, then that so-called faithful person has gone against his/her faith in doing so causing them to fade away from salvation. I have learned from Luther’s view that there are many supportive articles and passages. I have also learned that there are great ideas in both of these arguments, however when it comes down to choosing one of the following the Roman Catholic tradition.My initial has not been strengthened nor weakened after doing the research and studying both sides. Both sides hold a firm argument, but the Roman Catholic view just seemed to catch my attention more. 5) Final Thesis Statement: This doctrine helps answering the initial question by giving information about both of the opinions and going into detailed arguments. I would say that the answer to the initial question is the to obtain salvation, one must have a combination of faith and works.Work Cited â€Å"On Faith & Coming to Christ, by Martin Luther. † <http://homepage. mac. om/shanerosenthal/reformationink/mlonfaith. htm>. McGrath, Alister E. Historical Theology: an Introduction to the History of Christian Thought. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998. Print. Ankerberg, John, and John Weldon. Protestants & Catholics: Do They Now Agree? Eugene, OR: Harvest House, 1995. Print. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. McGrath, Alister E. Historical Theology: an Introduction to the History of Christian Thought. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998. Print. [ 2 ]. â€Å"On Faith & Coming to Christ, by Martin Luther. † . [ 3 ]. Ephesians 2:8-9 [ 4 ]. Ephesians 2:10 Salvation A. Name the central character, protagonist – The main character is Langston Huges. (The author) B. Describe his/her key qualities or personality traits (complicated, stereotype, unique, round, flat, etc. ): Langston Huges is seemed as he’s full of integrity, honest to himself, sensitive, and observant. C. Who is another important character in the story, an antagonist? – Other important characters mentioned in this story are the Aunt, his friend Westley, and the pastor. II. Setting or time and place: Identify where and when the story takes place – The place is at bible church when Huges was 13 years old. III. Plot: A. What structure or design does the sequence of events follow: chronological, spatial, or order of importance? – The structure that is used in this story is chronological. A. Discuss the opening, rising action, climax (twist, surprise, turning point, and unexpected development), resolution and the denouement – The story started out in church and Huges was put into a special meeting to be seen by Jesus. You were told you were saved when you saw a light and before you knew it all the kids except Huges and Westley were remaining not being able to see the light. Westley got tired and pretended to be saved and Huges remained there for a while until he made a decision to be like Westley and got up to be pretended to be saved. Climax: When he cries late at night in bed. IV. Conflict/resolution (individual vs. individual; individual vs. society; individual vs. nature; individual vs. self? ): Huges is dealing with society so it would be individual vs society. A. What major problem is the main character faced with? Huges was attempting to be seen by Jesus and was trying to wait for a light to be saved. He’s taking things too literally. B. How does the main character attempt to solve this major problem? Langston Huges gets up and says he saw a light from Jesus. He tries to solve it by making confessions. V. Point of view: (First person, third person observer, third person omniscient? )- First person VI. Message or lesson: Can you think of appropriate expressions, proverbs or maxims that capsulate the main lesson? (Stand your ground): When you want to introduce an abstract subject to a child, you have to approach it easy and not so literal. VII. Theme: controlling or main idea: (brevity of life, loneliness, human suffering as a result of world conflicts, etc. The theme is about religion. (Religious experience as related by a child)

Free Essays on The Virginian

The Virginian’s Growth as a Character Good novelists carefully develop their main characters. Events and other characters in the novel shape the personality of the main character. In his novel, The Virginian, Owen Wister’s main character, the Virginian is bland and unattached early in the story, but gradually develops a complex personality. The Virginian is portrayed in the beginning of the story as just another cowpuncher with no apparent personality other than a boring rustler. As a guest of Judge Henry’s arrives in Medicine Bow, the Virginian is sent to greet him. As he introduces himself to the guest, he demonstrates the obvious attitude of a hired hand. He carries himself in a rough, straightforward manner. He is a man used to hard work and a hard life. To the guest, the Virginian describes the next leg of the journey in such a matter of fact fashion that the guest is shocked to learn that this next step is 263 miles. The guest sees a â€Å"handsome, ungrammatical son of the soil†(9). At the same time, however, the Virginian’s courtesy and ability to take social cues from the guest, leads the guest to decide that the Virginian is one of â€Å"the creature[s] we call a gentleman†¦. that are born without chance to master the outward graces of the type† (10). Wister reveals both s ides of the Virginian’s personality by allowing the Virginian to be aware of things other than the immediate concerns of a cowboy. Wister shows the cowboy’s versatile mentality as he notices â€Å"pleasant trees of the ranch† (194) and follows the code of chivalry, â€Å"Stand on your laigs†¦ and say you’re a liar!†(71) while protecting the integrity of the teacher. At some points the cowboy may lose his temper, while at other times he sits and stares at the open landscape, dreamy eyed as the prairie flows to the mountainside. Wister further reveals the growth and development of the Virginian through his letters. The letter he wr... Free Essays on The Virginian Free Essays on The Virginian The Virginian’s Growth as a Character Good novelists carefully develop their main characters. Events and other characters in the novel shape the personality of the main character. In his novel, The Virginian, Owen Wister’s main character, the Virginian is bland and unattached early in the story, but gradually develops a complex personality. The Virginian is portrayed in the beginning of the story as just another cowpuncher with no apparent personality other than a boring rustler. As a guest of Judge Henry’s arrives in Medicine Bow, the Virginian is sent to greet him. As he introduces himself to the guest, he demonstrates the obvious attitude of a hired hand. He carries himself in a rough, straightforward manner. He is a man used to hard work and a hard life. To the guest, the Virginian describes the next leg of the journey in such a matter of fact fashion that the guest is shocked to learn that this next step is 263 miles. The guest sees a â€Å"handsome, ungrammatical son of the soil†(9). At the same time, however, the Virginian’s courtesy and ability to take social cues from the guest, leads the guest to decide that the Virginian is one of â€Å"the creature[s] we call a gentleman†¦. that are born without chance to master the outward graces of the type† (10). Wister reveals both s ides of the Virginian’s personality by allowing the Virginian to be aware of things other than the immediate concerns of a cowboy. Wister shows the cowboy’s versatile mentality as he notices â€Å"pleasant trees of the ranch† (194) and follows the code of chivalry, â€Å"Stand on your laigs†¦ and say you’re a liar!†(71) while protecting the integrity of the teacher. At some points the cowboy may lose his temper, while at other times he sits and stares at the open landscape, dreamy eyed as the prairie flows to the mountainside. Wister further reveals the growth and development of the Virginian through his letters. The letter he wr...

Conjugation of Past or Preterite Tense Verbs in Spanish

Conjugation of Past or Preterite Tense Verbs in Spanish As one of Spanishs two simple past tenses, the preterite  has a conjugation that is essential to learn. It is the verb form used most often to tell of events that have already happened and that are seen as completed. The other simple past tense, the imperfect, is used for past actions that are not completed, meaning the past action did not have a definite beginning or a definite end. How to Conjugate the Preterite Tense In Spanish, verbs are the words that change the most often and depend on different tenses, moods, gender, and agreement in person according to what needs to be conveyed in the sentence. A verb ending can indicate when the action occurs, and also give the listener a better idea of who or what is performing the action. As is the case with standard Spanish conjugation rules, the preterite verb forms are made by removing the infinitive ending of the verb, such as -ar, -er or -ir, and replacing it with an ending that indicates who is performing the action of the verb. Verbs agree in person and number. For example, the infinitive or base form of the verb that means to speak is hablar. Its infinitive ending is -ar, and the verb stem is habl-. To say I spoke, remove the -ar, add -à © to the stem, forming hablà ©. Yo hablà © is I spoke. To say you spoke, singular you in an informal way, remove the -ar, add -aste to the stem, forming hablaste:  Tu hablaste is You spoke. Other forms exist for other personal pronouns. The endings are slightly different for verbs that end in -er and -ir, but the principle is the same. Remove the infinitive ending, then add the appropriate ending to the remaining stem. Conjugation of Regular -AR Verbs in the Preterite Tense Person -Ar Ending Infinitive: Hablar Translation: To Speak yo - habl I spoke t -aste hablaste you (informal) spoke l, ella, usted - habl he/she spoke, you (formal) spoke nosotros, nosotras -amos hablamos we spoke vosotros, vosotras -asteis hablasteis you spoke (informal) ellos, ellas, ustedes -aron hablaron they spoke, you (formal) spoke Conjugation of Regular -ER Verbs in the Preterite Tense Person -Er Ending Infinitive: Aprender Translation: To Learn yo - aprend I learned t -iste aprendiste you (informal) learned l, ella, usted -i aprendi he/she learned, you (formal) learned nosotros, nosotras -imos aprendimos we learned vosotros, vosotras -isteis aprendisteis you learned (informal) ellos, ellas, ustedes -ieron aprendieron they learned, you (formal) learned Conjugation of Regular -IR Verbs in the Preterite Tense Person -Ir Ending Infinitive: Escribir Translation: To Write yo - escrib I wrote t -iste escribiste you (informal) wrote l, ella, usted -i escribi he/she wrote, you (formal) wrote nosotros, nosotras -imos escribimos we wrote vosotros, vosotras -isteis escribisteis you wrote (informal) ellos, ellas, ustedes -ieron escribieron they wrote, you (formal) wrote In the preterite tense, regular -er and -ir verbs use the same pattern of endings. Additionally, the first-person plural, the we form of nosotros and nosotras, has the same conjugation for both the present indicative tense and the preterite past tense for -ar and -ir verbs. The word hablamos can mean either we speak or we spoke, and escribimos can mean either we write or we wrote. In most cases, the context of the sentence makes clear which tense is intended. Conjugations of Common Irregular Verbs Below are the preterite-tense for the irregular verbs you are most likely to use. Irregular forms are shown in boldface; the forms given follow the same order as in the charts above, beginning with the first-person singular and continuing to the third-person plural. dar (to give): di, diste, dio, dimos, disteis, dieron. decir (to say, to tell): dije, dijiste, dijo, dijimos, dijisteis, dijeron. estar (to be): estuve, estuviste, estuvo, estuvimos, estuvisteis, estuvieron. haber (to have as an auxiliary verb): hube, hubiste, hubo, hubimos, hubisteis, hubieron. hacer (to make, to do): hice, hiciste, hizo, hizimos, hicisteis, hicieron. ir (to be): fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron. (Note that the preterite conjugations of ir and ser are identical.) llegar (to arrive): lleguà ©, llegaste, llegà ³, llegamos, llegasteis, llegaron. poder (to be able, can): pude, pudiste, pudo, pudimos, pudisteis, pudieron. poner (to put): puse, pusiste, puso, pusimos, puisisteis, pusieron. querer (to be): quise, quisiste, quiso, quisimos, quisisteis, quisieron. saber (to know): supe, supiste, supo, supimos, supisteis, supieron. ser (to be): fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fuisteis, fueron. tener (to have or possess): tuve, tuviste, tuvo, tuvimos, tuvisteis, tuvieron. ver (to see): vi, viste, vio, vimos, visteis, vieron.

US social security Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

US social security - Coursework Example As opposed to social security contributions, private savings are out of personal will while social security is usually out of a mandatory requirement prescribed under the law (Brux 214). Therefore, returns on social security contribution would have a constant rate of return as compared to private savings. The rates of return on either perspectives depend on the set rules for the social security contribution and the individual’s own rate of saving (Brux 214). Social security contribution and private savings have corresponding influence. Traditional savings theory points to the possibility of decline in private saving if compulsory public savings (social security) were increased. On the contrary, studies conducted by private companies show that the existence of pension benefits stimulate an urge to increase personal savings (Mixon, Franklin and Kamal 17). Most research establishes that the social security benefits discourage private saving among people. This is despite the fact that changing experience of retirement offset any decline experienced in savings. Empirical research shows that social security reduces private savings in the U.S. While the social security has both merits and demerits, its demerits have more impacts on private savings among U.S. adults compared to its merits. Social security caters for medical expenses, retirement benefits, and other social aspects requiring expenditures. In so doing, most people become reluctant in remitting substantial allocation for private saving. In reforming the social security policy, it is imperative to initiate obligations compelling people to remit income for personal